Multiple Intelligence Theory and Its Application to Education

The discourse surrounding multiple intelligence theory (MI) and its integration into education has been that of much debate. Written as an opposition to IQ testing, MI was originally developed as an alternate account of cognitive function, initially identifying seven distinct intelligences (verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal and musical), and later acquiring two more (naturalist and existential).Applied to an educational context, the main aim of MI theory is to demonstrate the insufficiencies of IQ measurements and traditional testing methods as evaluations of student intelligence and the grounds for planning programs and curricula suitable for all students (Moran, Kornhaber, & Gardner, 2007). MI theory is attractive to many because it offers â€Å"a more pluralistic cognitive universe† (Gardner, 1995b, p. 16).However, vigorous debate challenges MI theory, whilst the lack of clear instruction for its integration i nto pedagogy has led to misconceptions and unfaithful application of its key elements. Some of the arguments pertaining to the integration of MI in schools, and in art and design classrooms in particular, will be explored below, firstly examining critiques of the theory itself. The first debate considers the empirical aspects of MI. In Frames of Mind (1983), Gardner presents his investigation of numerous empirical studies, from which he identified the initial seven intelligences.Thus, it can be said that MI theory is formed solely on empirical evidence. Since there can be no permanence to any empirically based theory, MI can be modified in accordance to new studies, openly allowing for discussion and constant reconceptualisation (Gardner, 1995a). Whilst Kevin Williams (2000) highlights the intuitively appealing natureof MI theory, Robert J. Sternberg identifies the need for a basis for testing and comparing these â€Å"attractive† empirical theories (1984, p. 700). Klein (199 8, p. 06) points out that Gardner, whilst expanding the claims of MI theory, â€Å"provides no evidence for them,† but further demonstrates the virtually â€Å"untestable† nature of MI theory that continued to exist over a decade after Sternberg’s critique.This means that whilst it difficult to prove that MI is wrong, it is equally difficult to prove that it is correct, which questions the validity of the theory in educational contexts. Secondly, MI theory has been accused of confusing intelligence with domain and discipline. Gardner (1995a, p. 02) explains that on the contrary, â€Å"an intelligence is a biological and psychological potential†¦ capable of being realized†¦ as a consequence of the experiential, cultural, and motivational factors that affect a person. † This definition is dissimilar to that of â€Å"domain,† which is a cultural concept, relating to culturally organized activities, in which individuals are involved. In the a rt and design context, sculpture, painting and woodwork would be examples of domains, which, according to MI, can be accomplished through the utilization if intelligences such as spatial, bodily-kinesthetic and logical mathematical.In saying that, Gardiner argues that intelligences can operate in many diverse domains(Gardner, 1995a; Gardner, 1998). Logical mathematical intelligence must be applied in planning and constructing a table, for instance, to attain correct measurements and angles. Perry D. Klein accuses MI of linguistic redundancy on the basis that each intelligence is defined â€Å"as an ability in a corresponding set of domains,† and an ability in each domain is explained â€Å"with reference to the intelligence† (Klein, 1997, p. 103).Gardner (1998) believes that Klein has confused these concepts, as each domain involves several intelligences, not just one by which it is defined. For example, a student who possesses high spatial intelligence might not neces sarily produce an effective poster design without also incorporating a degree of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, cultural support, practice and good instruction. Gardner strongly disagrees with a third critique that MI theory â€Å"so broadens the notion of intelligence that it includes all psychological constructs and thus vitiates the usefulness, as well as the usual connotation, of the term,† (Gardner, 1995a, p. 03). His argument stems from allegations that the traditional definition of intelligence provides a thin and incomplete observation of its nature, touching on only psychometric capacity and disregarding other cognitive aspects. MI deals only with matters of the intellect and Gardner believes that a more useful comprehension of cognition can be gained by considering multiple semi-independent intelligences than what is offered by the hypothesis of a single â€Å"bell curve† model of intelligence. Conversely, some critics show concern that MI regiments the var iety of human intelligences due to the restriction of categories.The formation of categories and intelligences they include is, in the opinion of John White, based â€Å"on Gardner’s own value preferences† (White in Williams, 2000, P. 107). Williams (2000), however, asserts that White may have misjudged the way in which MI can allow for the diverse combinations of intelligences in the classroom. MI encourages that key concepts or disciplines be approached in a multiple ways to enhance a students experience of ideas and implications in a way that is familiar to them.In art and design, topics can be taught using a range of approaches, from narration of an artists or designers experience (interpersonal), class discussion (verbal-linguistic) and individual reflection (interpersonal and intrapersonal) to practical experimentation or stimulation (logical-mathematical, spatial and bodily-kinesthetic). By approaching content from different perspectives, teachers can increase t heir access to the intelligences of more students and allow students to see that they are capable of representing content and their knowledge in different ways (Gardner, 1995a)A fourth concern takes the form of what Gardner (1995a, p. 203) deems a myth: â€Å"MI theory is incompatible with g (general intelligence), with hereditarian accounts, or with environmental accounts of the nature and causes of intelligence. † His response is that MI theory is primarily concerned with exploring the intelligences and intellectual procedures that g does not take into account. MI examines the scope of g, not it’s actual existence. Similarly, MI theory focuses on exploring the interaction between genetic and environmental elements, impartial on the issue of whether particular intelligences are heritable.MI’s exploration of the unique intelligences of individuals allows them to understand that they have potential to be â€Å"intelligent† in multiple ways and are no longe r restricted to the â€Å"smart† or dumb† categories that are often ascribed to g (Moran, Kornhaber, & Gardner, 2007). Considering the above arguments, MI practice should not be considered in separation of MI theory and teachers should be aware of the discourse surrounding MI theory in order to make a more educated integration of its principles into their classrooms.The almost immediate attempt to integrate MI theory into educational contexts has generated positive results in its development. However, Burke (2007) also notes that many teachers have acquired information about MI that is in contradiction to what the theory actually suggests. Written in the context of psychology, Frames of Mind relates only six paragraphs to MI practice in education (Burke, 2007). Gardner denies that MI attempts to instruct pedagogy and sees it as the educator’s role to decide how MI will best serve students (Gardner, 1995a).Considering MI theory is not the result of standardized te sts, any testing that claims to be MI based, should use an â€Å"intelligent-fair† method, as opposed to linguistic or logical methods of pen and paper testing, so that each individual intelligence is directly examined. For instance, if a student is to be assessed in aspects of spatial intelligence, it should be done based on their practical interaction with and application of visual arrangements and materials, rather than written assessment.Gardner points out that the assessment of MI’s is not always a main concern in education, but if it is appropriate for testing to occur, it should exist within an environment where the student feels comfortable and is provided with familiar materials (Gardner, 1995a). Misguided notions of MI have led to the concern that teachers need â€Å"to plan eight or nine different entry points or approaches for each lesson† (Moran, Kornhaber, & Gardner, 2007, p. 26).Burke (2007) reports that in art classes where teachers attempted to teach to every intelligence, students began to complain about far-fetched lessons. It is not always feasible, nor appropriate to attempt to conduct lessons in this way, and Gardner (1995a) agrees that to do so would be a waste of time and effort. Klein points out that the complication of growing class sizes combined with the â€Å"supposed existence of eight intelligences† and their various levels of operation, would result in an â€Å"explosion in the workload of the teachers who would have to plan and deliver these programs† (1997, p. 38). Whilst the identification of â€Å"strong† areas of intelligence in individuals can be beneficial, Klein (1997) predicts that this could also mean that students will avoid areas where their intelligence is deemed â€Å"weak. † Within an art program, for example, a student with strong verbal linguistic intelligence and weak spatial intelligence might focus their efforts more heavily in developing a written report on an artist case study and avoid tasks that require them to create or interpret compositions or work with 3D modeling.Furthermore, if a student ascribes their strong logical-mathematical intelligence to an ability such as the careful planning of measurements for a project, and the calculations prove to be more difficult then they expected, Klein suggests that they often quit as they â€Å"interpret failure as a lack of this ability† (1997, p. 389). MI has also been applied to classrooms in trivial ways. This includes the practices that exercise aspects of particular intelligence without cultivating the mind (Gardner, 1995a).An example of this would be to have students thrash their limbs about to make random marks on a surface without informing them of what energized mark-making is about and how it is relevant to art. In order to achieve deep learning, applications of MI should be student-focused, considering the intellectual attributes of each individual in order to plan educatio nal programs that are relevant, appropriate, fair and engaging (Gardner, 1995b). Understanding the dynamics of intelligences within a classroom can assist teachers in their provision of rich learning experiences.This means understanding which intelligences, both on an individual and class level, will create interference, compensation or enhancement (Moran, Kornhaber, & Gardner, 2007). Having students work collaboratively on projects can allow for intelligences to operate â€Å"across students†¦ to build shared strengths† (Moran, Kornhaber, & Gardner, 2007, p. 28). In concluding, Gardner (1998) maintains the position that MI theory can provide a rich, flexible and useful set of tools and ideas for teaching that allow educators to meet the needs of increasingly diverse classrooms by utilizing knowledge of and tapping into the specific intelligences and ubskills of individual students. MI can be useful in explaining the behavior of individuals and identifying obstacles in t heir learning with the aim of making teaching and learning relevant for more students in order to achieve deeper learning. However, to avoid misconception and subsequent misapplication of MI theory, educators must be aware of the debate that surrounds it and its progress as a continually developing empirical theory.

A Way of Life for Searching People Essay

The book Practicing Our Faith: a Way of Life for a Searching People is about addressing the need for sharing the fundamental needs of man to establish faithful and honorable Christian way of life. It explores twelve central Christian practices contributed together by thirteen individuals coming from diverse denominational and ethnic backgrounds. Specifically this book provides significance to every Christian practice even honoring the old tradition of honoring the body, forgiveness, hospitality, testimony, discernment and honoring the Sabbath by putting emphasis on its historical and biblical context and reexamining its relevance to our present and everyday lives. But though it may seem that representing old belief may sound too idealistic and obsolete, accordingly adopting this practice can also free us of unnecessary system of belief, tradition and ritualistic procedures contributed by governing rules of different ritualistic concept of Christian practices. As Christendom is presented in this book, it tells us how to put our faith into action by enabling ourselves to adapt and tuning in with the communities‘way of life, tradition and belief while doing good deeds for the poor, feeding the hungry and building houses for the homeless. In other words, this book will serve as guidelines and principles when dealing with different people of different ethnic origins but with the same Christian belief. Thus the intention of this book would be to serve as a guiding entity especially for the laities who are engage in spiritual outreach activities while making their Christian ministries employs discipline and become sensitive to issues regarding the religious conviction of the communities. The laws presented here are not strict because they prioritize freedom of faith and expression which in way can be able to change the fragmented conviction of people living in a confused spiritual world. Simply put, the principle behind this book is the formulation of approach in ministering Christian’s way of life to different communities in order to resolve how they can be able to understand and preserve their Christian identity. Many of the chapters here locate the connections of people and religion and how particular practice is applicable for each people.

Personality Development Essay

Teacher’s Mental Health in relation to Personality Development of Students AbstractPurnima Sood Bhushan This study is aimed at finding the effect of teacher’s mental health on the personality development of students. The study concludes that the teachers with good mental health induce more dominantly the extrovert trait of personality whereas in the case of induce teachers with ill mental health; Psychotic and neurotic traits of personality d among the students. The educationists all over the worlds are grappled with one central and all encompassing question society of tomorrow †. — â€Å" What kind or type of education is required for what kind of Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, President of India from 2002 during a talk on the teacher’s day in 2003, had stated â€Å"2007, A student spends 25,000 hours in the campus. The school mus t have the best of teachers who have the ability to teach, love teaching and build moral qualities .† The development of personality is one of the most important and fascinating areas in an individual’s life. There are certain questions that strike our mind — ‘What have been the major influences on personality development?’ ‘What are the factors affecting the development of a child?’ In what direction will the personality develop if the person or individual receives certain kind of opportunities or setbacks; p articular kind of behavior; definite choices that it makes? The real issue in education: to see that when the students leave the school they are well established.

Sustainability in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainability in america - Essay Example Decrease in the availability of resources prevents anticipated growth of various economies meaning that sustainable development is a prerequisite to economic growth. The changing interest of consumers is also one of the good indicators revealing necessity of sustainability within economic growth (Figge, 2005). Sustainability is defined by considering conditions through which countries view production and manufacturing processes in relation to products, such perception leads to increased production based on responsibility. Organizations are currently considering the act of being strategic towards sustainable development while at the same time making choices on lucrative processes capable of contributing positively towards more sustainable society (Figge, 2005). The aim is to avoid the risks associated with destruction and at the same time pursue profitable dynamics. In developed nations many dynamics affecting quality of life such as the environment are not possible to measure using m arket dynamics. This is since there is possibility that ensures such parameters lose value in the occurrence of economic growth. Therefore, any initiative of sustainable development should encompass the three dimensions of environmental, economic and social aspects. There is rapid growth in environmental problems all over the world which could be attributed to rapid increase in population growth making a lot of strain within the environment as well as natural resources. Several domains contribute to environmental degradation some of which include; industrial pollution, deforestation, land degradation and urbanization amongst others. There is eminent overexploitation of the country’s resources making environmental pollution one of the biggest threats facing life on the planet earth today. Statistics given by World Health Organization Estimates that about two million people die every year out of air pollution besides those who suffer ailments and diseases caused by the same. Th e twentieth and twenty first centuries recorded considerable growth in environmental degradation activities (Figge, 2005). Part 1: How does the environmental policymaking process work? Policy making process in America depends on society’s desire for change. Every legislative action must gain public support since such action boosts political incentives within development plan. Public support can be obtained through organized groups and media. Policy cycle in the United States begins with proposal on a course of action, which is followed by law enactment and finally various actions capable of providing successful implementation of the law. Re-evaluation of the policy takes place after quite some time for purposes of assessing whether it has achieved intended goals, costs and if any change is necessary. Major environmental regulators in the US include; EPA, Interior department, USDA and Fish and Wildlife service (Figge, 2005). Organizations around the world are required to meet the needs of their current consumers without jeopardizing the ability of other generations to efficiently meet their needs. Organizations are required to adopt responsible policies for their operations following the nature of impact it can have on the entire society. At the same time there is need for business corporations to apply principles of sustainability in all their business operations. Such activities reflect organization’

Frequency Response of Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Frequency Response of Networks - Essay Example The essay "Frequency Response of Networks" talks about the theory behind frequency response in inductive and capacitive reactances and presents the plot of frequency response of the RC filter and which regions that these filters operate in. Frequency domain analysis is easier than time domain analysis It is important to obtain the frequency response of a circuit because we can predict its response to any Input signal. There are four general types of filters: Low-pass filters (LPF), Band-pass filters, High-pass filter (HPF) and Band-Reject (Stop). In this laboratory experiment, we will plot the frequency response of a network by analyzing RC passive filters. Capacitive reactance derivation from equation Vcos(ω t + p) where V is the amplitude (can be current or potential), ω is the angular frequency, t is time, and ÃŽ ¦ is a phase shift. The current flowing through a capacitor is given by i = C(dv/dt). Naturally, since v = V cos(ωt+ ÃŽ ¦), DV/dt would equal - ω Vsin(ωt+ ÃŽ ¦). Using trigonometric identity we can rewrite sin as cos and get –ωVcos (ωt+ {ÃŽ ¦ -90}) (subtracting 90 degrees from sin to get cosine) by taking the derivative of the voltage and multiplying it by the capacitance we get the current flowing through the capacitor i = - ωCVcos(ωt+ [ÃŽ ¦ -90]). This is in the time domain. In order to derive the impedance/reactance, it must be converted to the frequency domain by writing the voltage and current as a phasor solving using Euler's Identity where ejx = cosx + jsinx j is the imaginary number.

Importance Of The Sex Education In Cameroon Research Paper

Importance Of The Sex Education In Cameroon - Research Paper Example The link between knowledge and an informed stance is very clear and education is the primary basis of grooming children to give them the knowledge to make informed decisions. It is very simple to point the culprit of HIV and teen pregnancies; the lack of sex education. Therefore, schools or special projects must introduce programs to increase awareness on these issues at a basic level. Consequences of unprotected sex must be told to children so that they can make an informed stance. They need to make decisions and understand the grave nature of their actions. The lack of this education has led to the current situation with increasing rates of HIV and teen pregnancies. As of 2010, 14.23 percent teens in the 10 to 19 years age group represent teen pregnancies (Tebeu et al., 2010). The rise in teen pregnancies, in particular, suggests that teens are involved in sexual experimentation without adequate knowledge of the consequences. Peer pressure is also a major factor to spread the acts of unprotected sex by following a larger group. Teens making uninformed decisions can only lead to the spread of the problem by making others follow in their footsteps. Students who deal with low self-esteem and confidence are more likely to be influenced by peer pressure (â€Å"HIV & AIDS,† 2011). There has to be a barrier to stop or reduce this effect. These peers replace the role of what sex education is supposed to provide. Instead of getting reliable information, teens follow their unguided fellows. The responsibility for the lack of this knowledge falls on the parents and the education system. They are the two main factors involved in grooming teens and imparting necessary knowledge before they form adults. Furthermore, parents are often hesitant to discuss sex with teens and it is against the culture to discuss sex within family norms (Cormier, 2013).

Virtual life damage real life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Virtual life damage real life - Essay Example The article argues that a research carried out in 2008 in Americans stated that 28% of Americans confirmed that they were spending less time with their families. This statistics tripled the research carried in 2003 where statistic ranged at 11 percent. This shows that family bonding is diminishing by the day simply because of the advancement of technology (Turner 27). Television sets have cut the bond that the family would have chatting together in the living room (Sorensen 1). Fast foods and home delivery has diminished family meal times and children’s homework and plays have diverted to the internet. These aspects are greatly contributing to families living virtue lives instead of real life. To begin with, family bonding has become the thing of the past because most homes do not have time to share meals (Sorensen 1). Despite the fact that parents are busy, they have opted for the modern virtual ways of replacing their presence in homes through advanced technology. The fridge and the microwave have replaced the parents in the kitchen because they children can acquire stored food in then fridge and warm them in the microwaves. Online food orders have also replaced family meal times because the parents order food for their children over the phone or online which is delivered for the children to eat. All this aspects leads to children having enough privacy to explore other dangerous channels hence parental presence and love is necessary for family bonding. The cell phone and online chat is occupying many commitments that the parent would have had on knowing the children’s welfare due to the availability of cell phones (Sorensen 1). The parents use the cell phones to keep track of where the children are and how they are faring. This cell phone and internet chat replacement deprives the children the much-needed parental love, which leads children to finding replacements elsewhere (Livingstone & Bovill 4). Children are currently living in families wher e they do not find anybody at home to relate to when they are not in school. The idea of such absentee parents is that they will check on their children’s welfare by chatting through the internet or by communicating through the phone (Turner 360). The parents need to understand that spending quality time with them impacts more than modern technologies could offer. Due to lack of family bonding, the children or one of the spouses opts for the internet as the only available alternative. The internet has becomes people favorite because it offers virtue live that people prefer against real life (Voogt & Gerald 357). The isolated individuals and children bond with others by chatting online, which in turn occupies their time, and keep busy. These individuals tend to sink in the virtuous world of the web because it is simpler compared to the real world. This is so because, children pretend to be adults, and adults pretend to be children. More so, women pretend to be men and vice-ver sa, and people give false information about their background, religion and accomplishments. These virtues aspects are the opposite of real life where people meet and socialize physically. The fantasies of the virtuous world lead people to live a fantasy life (Turner 30). Cheating cases have been reported where both men and women are the victims.

The Positive and Negative Effects of European Colonization of South Research Paper

The Positive and Negative Effects of European Colonization of South Eastern Australia - Research Paper Example This earliest establishment however, faced relatively tough conditions because of the overall land quality around Sydney Cove area. The second fleet arrived in 1790 to offer much relief for the settlers of the first settlement and greatly increased the overall presence of Britain on Australian soil. The overall purpose of establishing the colonies in Australia was mostly based upon the fact that British lost most of its American colonies in war of Independence. As such there was an emphasis on founding the replacement colonies at other places in order to continue to fulfill the political and economic objectives of the British Government. Besides the country was also considered as suitable for the purpose of plantation while at the same time, this colony could also provide compensation to British Loyalist Americans. This paper will however, attempt to explore and analyze the overall negative and positive impact of the European Colonization in the South Easter Australian region. Coloni alism- a general introduction Colonialism has a rich history as nations attempted to expand themselves beyond their physical borders by establishing colonies in other areas. Under this mechanism the indigenous population is either directly ruled or displaced to reduce the overall resistance to the power. England was one of the main countries which have established colonies across the whole globe to achieve different political as well as economic objectives. (Osterhammel 1997) One of the key impacts of the colonization of the territories was the systematic use and exploitation of these territories’ resources, markets as well as labor. As such due to these factors important socio-political and cultural changes took place in these areas which virtually eroded the original culture of these areas. It is important to note that the colonies which were established as a result of this were different in nature wherein nations either attempted to establish settler colonies, plantation c olonies, dependencies as well as the trading posts. These were established in order to achieve larger socio-political objectives besides ensuring that the overall power of a nation remains a dominating factor in world politics. Countries like Australia and New Zealand were settler colonies established with a major aim of transporting large number of people from the parent countries to these host colonies. However, the inter-mingling of the different races created strong health related issues. In many instances almost half of the race died of the different diseases. Aborigines of the region mostly died either through conflict with the Europeans or out of the diseases. European Settlements in Australia The early evidence for the attempts made by Europeans to settle in Australia dates back to 1606 when Dutch attempted to occupy the land. They were the first to sail through to this land however, they were heavily confronted by the Aborigines therefore they had to leave without settling there. It was also because of this reason that Dutch only made one landing on the soil of Australia and did not attempted to settle there. During 1770, British tried for the first time to sail through the area and attempt to establish a proper base in the region. In 1770, Capitan James Cook sailed around this region and named it as New South Wales. Cook also claimed the land in the name of England while at the same time ignoring the Aborigines.

Golden Rice Report (Environmental Biotechnology Course) Essay

Golden Rice Report (Environmental Biotechnology Course) - Essay Example The reasons for the creation of the specific type of rice are explored; also the methodology employed by researchers working on this project will be presented. It is proved that despite its prospects, ‘Golden Rice’ has not managed to meet the expectations of its creators; in fact, the benefits of ‘Golden Rice’ were not actually the ones promised by the researchers who developed it. The above fact leads to the assumption that the development of the specific product was not carefully planned; in this way, its appearance in the market was not finally justified – despite the approval and the support of the international community, for instance, the European Commission. Golden Rice was developed in Europe – under the pressure for improving genes in rice in order to respond to the health needs of people in developing countries – where rice is the food most consumed. In any case, Golden Rice is a genetically modified food; more accurately, Golden Rice is ‘a genetically engineered strain of rice’ (BioEthics Project Education, 2010); it was presented to the public for first time in 2000; since then, the researchers have tried to further develop Golden Rice but it seems that this target is far from being achieved; in fact, through the years, it was proved that Golden Rice could not guarantee the benefits of health that its creators claimed. The pitfalls reported – in regard to the benefits of Golden Rice – have led to the development of a new strain – referring to the 2nd generation of Golden Rice known also as Golden Rice 2 (BioEthics Project Education, 2010). Golden Rice has been created mainly in order to help controlling the deficiency in Vitamin A which has been found to be related with severe health problems of million of people worldwide – leading even to death when the level of deficiency of Vitamin A is high; in accordance with a series of data published by

Cyrus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cyrus - Essay Example One of King Cyrus’ servants, after being given one of the singing girls, says that, â€Å"I would far rather be serving on this campaign than sitting at home† (Xenophon, 2010). This quote reveals the servant’s loyalty to King Cyrus. He offers loyalty as an appreciation for being given a singing girl. Loyalty is also seen through trust. People trust unquestionably other individuals who are loyal to them. Cyrus sends for his trusted servant, Araspas, whom they have been friends since childhood. King Cyrus entrusts Araspas with guarding the captive Susian woman, Pantheia the wife of Abradatas his rival. Araspas loyalty is earlier doubted when he says, â€Å"have you seen the lady whom you bid me guard† (Xenophon, 2010). This is because he is not sure to fulfill his master’s will fully as he stumbles by falling prey to the captive’s beauty. Love is voluntary to human will. Therefore, beauty should not be compromised to love, but it should only enhance the process of loving someone. The use of metaphor is observed and is majorly used to expound on beauty. Beauty has been equated to â€Å"fire† while love to flowers. This is because â€Å"fire burns all men equally, it is its nature to do so, but these flowers of beauty, one man loves them and another loves them not, nor does every man love the same† (Xenophon, 2010). In contradiction to this statement, Cyrus reiterates the aspect of slavery in relation to love. He gives an instance of men who vowed to stand against every form of life circumstances to remain strong willed and never falls. However, when love knocks their doors to their souls, they fall and even refuse to let go and acknowledge. Love is eternal to human nature since we are bound forever to whoever we choose to love. Our souls are imprisoned by love the moment we allow it to. Xenophon shows th is through rhetoric where Cyrus asks, â€Å"If love be voluntary, why cannot a man cease to love when they forget, the bigger problems they were able to overcome?†

My Favorite Hobby Is Writing Essay Example for Free

My Favorite Hobby Is Writing Essay My love of writing began in elementary school. English classes were great, but creative writing assignments made them better! I was more content with creative writing, rather than learning basic grammar rules. As I grew older, I didnt write much. It seems like I lost interest temporarily. All of that changed when I lost my grandfather in seventh grade, only to have my friend move after eighth. It was then I began writing again. Poetry was my friend. I wrote poems to help cope with emotional overload. I would like to write short stories. I have been unsuccessful at my attempts. This will not stop my efforts to do so. Ill just have to keep on trying. Im still writing creatively thirteen years later (in 2004). Although I havent many writings, I hope to have a professional writing career in the future. You never know, I might become famous one day. Im working at it! I cant imagine my life without writing. When I write, I lose myself. The world could knock on my door, and I would be deaf to the thunderous banging’s. In a world where its not hard to get hurt, writing is a comforting arm across my shoulder. I never knew Id come to love writing as much as I do. Writing is like a best friend. Friends that will never turn his/her back on me in troublesome times. My writing comforts me when Im upset, ; excites me when I think about certain people whom I cherish. When I get bad reviews or ratings? Its easy to sit cry. I may be disappointed, but not beaten. It just makes me want to write more. I know Im not the most perfect writer, and no one ever is. It takes time, but its worth the trials triumphs. I can write just as good as the next. Writing is my gift. The gift I received from the Divine Mother Father. I almost lost it, but they encouraged me to keep going. Once again, my passion for writing has overwhelmed my life. I do not regret it either. Im thankful that my Lord and Lady gave me another chance at writing. My gift is one I can honestly say Im proud of.

Swot analysis Essay Example for Free

Swot analysis Essay Thus, using the SWOT analysis to determine their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, the restaurant can try accomplish their goals by forming new strategies. The restaurant has a variety of strong areas that it can rely on to enable the effective running of the business. These strengths are; firstly, the location. Being next to the university is a major advantage as there are no other major outlets in the area meaning most people have no choice making it a monopoly. On the other hand, one major weakness that counters its strengths’ is the lack of planning. No planning leads to lack of strategies or unclear strategies being made causing ineffectiveness. Another weakness includes the fact that the restaurant has made itself vanurable to competitive pressure since the customers are not satisfied. Meaning they will look for alternatives in the near future. Opportunities are random. A company has to oversee its opportunities to expand their business and thus arising effectiveness ( Nidumolu, Prahalad, Rangaswami, 2009). The restaurant in particular has an opportunity to expand courses to meet the broader range of customer needs. For example, it may develop an new ordering and waiting system to avoid customer dissatisfaction. Another opportunity is the one year guarantee to move to a better strategic group or plan by taking time to assess their limitations. The lack of alliances and communication with the government acts as a threat to the restaurant. The government may establish policies in which the restaurant may not comply hence leading to low profits or even the closure of the restaurant. Another threat is customer dissatisfaction , there is a high risk in loosing potential customers due to incompetence and dissatisfaction.

Teenage Violent Crime Rates in the US

Teenage Violent Crime Rates in the US Erica Goncalves What do teenagers do after school? Research states that 1 in 5 children in the United States are unsupervised after school. This leads to teen violence. Teen violence are when children get out of school and join a group of gang and start committing crimes, go in the internet and bully other students. Lastly, teen violence are still going on because of the ways teens are acting, the way they are because of the videogames and the kinds of music teens are listening to. Teen violence are in every school and place that contains teen in it. Those teens that are doing the violence has been abused or bullied before. Teen violence has been passed through generations it gets pass on each year to young adult, the causes of teen violence in the city of Boston is that teen violence is caused because of the ways the parents treat them violence teens. This shows that we need more afterschool program in the United States to keep children engaged and productive. Children in quality afterschool progra ms are more likely to come to school, stay in school, hand in their work, and get better grades. After school programs are particularly well positioned to make a difference in a students life to help them be successful. Students who attends an after school program have a higher chance of going the college and have a career than students who does not attend an afterschool program. The problem is that there is a lot of teen violence happening lately. Over the last couple [1]years teen violence has been a problem that is affecting everyone in the city of Boston[2]. Teen [3]violence also affect a lot of things like lowering the budget of the city, making streets unsafe, harassing and bullying other citizen, and sadly the increase in the number of teen who lose their life. According to recent studies about teen violence, 12% of students who attended high school reported having a weapon, and about 3% were carrying a gun. Also 20% of students reported participating in a physical fight, 7% of teens were reported to participate in gang activities. When it comes to bullying, 17% of students said that they had been a victim of bullying and 14% said that they been a victim of cyberbullying [1]. The city of Boston contains 25% of the violence in all of Massachusetts [2]. It is not easy for a teen to focus and be positive know that 64% of recovered guns are seized from peo ple who own them illegally[3]. Teen Violence has a pervasive effect on all members of the society, from the teens themselves to adults that pay higher taxes to address the issue. Students that do not go to an after school program are most likely to become involved in teen crime. These students that are unsupervised after school are 49% more likely to use drugs and 37% more likely to become a teen parent than kids that attend some after school programs for 1-4 hours each week. (add footnote) Another example of the impact of after school programs is that students that attend an after school program are less likely to be suspended from school for violence, and students already in the juvenile court system that attended after school programs were less likely to go back to court for any reason, especially for violence. Lastly, students in afterschool programs were less likely to become a first time offender of violence in the community than other students not in an afterschool program that had not already committed any crime.(Add Footnote) Twoafter school programs have had large success in preventing crime. When an after school program was created in 12 California neighborhoods, teen crime decreased significantly. Vandalism decreased by two-thirds, violent acts and carrying a concealed gun decreased by more than half, and the number of arrests made by the police decreased by half (add footnote #1). Baltimore also made an after school program through the police department. Once it was created, juvenile crime dropped by 10% and the risk of children and teens as victi,s of crime was cut in half (add footnote #1). Lastly, the crime rate decreased by 75% in a housing project when an after school program was created, but crime increased in a similar housing project when there was no after school program (add footnote #2). After school program have existed for many years. After- school programs first [4]emerged in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, in the form of small, idiosyncratic boys clubs, often no more than a storefront or room in a church or other local building(The context for the emergence of the after school program by Robert Halpern).The clubs evolved to provide recreation and learning activities to children. In addition the supply of after school programs is not as high as the demand for them.Twice as many elementary and middle school parents want afterschool programs as are currently available(National Opinion Research Center). What makes this problem severe is that the lack of afterschool programs allows students to drop out, commit crimes and become teen parents. The hours between 3 and 6 p.m. are the peak hours for juvenile crime and experimentation with drugs, alcohol, cigarettes and sex(Fight Crime: Invest in Kids, 2003). This is the time when students are leaving school and feel like they are on their own. In recent years, more children have been attending after school programs. Their families are in favor of their positive benefits. In 2004, 6.5 million children participated in after school programs, and this value increased to 8.4 million in 2009 and 10.2 million today (add footnote #3). Parents who have kids who attend an after school program have been increasingly satisfied with the programs. Over time they have increased their satisfaction in quality of care, homework assistance, workforce skills development, variety of activities, and the knowledged staff (footnote #3). Juvenile crime rates have decreased since the 1980s, so the effectiveness of afterschool programs is seen in many ways. In recent years (2008-2012), the teen crime rate has decreased. Murder decreased by 42%, rape decreased 24%, robbery decreased by 39%, and aggravated assault decreased by 35% as well in the 4 year period (add footnote #4). For the 6th consecutive year after 2006, the youth violent crime rate has decreased dramatically in the US (footnote #4). The prevalence of crime in males and females ages 10-17 has decreased in the last 4 years. It has also decreased for all races- whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. Between 2003-2012, violent crime for Asian youth has decreased by 44%, 41% for American Indians, 39% for whites, and 23% for blacks (add footnote #4).The components of violent crime- murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault- have fallen to record lows over the period of 2008-2012.(add footnote #4) Youth property crime has decreased significantly coming up to 2012. In 2012, the property crime rates were at its lowest levels since 1980. In the same 4 year period described earlier, youth were arrested 36% less for burglary, 30% less for larceny-theft, 47% for motor vehicle theft, and 33% less for arson (footnote).The prevalence of property crime has decreased for both genders over the period of 2008-2012. The prevalence has also decreased for all races, [5]too- whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. Students who spend no time in extracurricular activities, such as those offered in after-school programs, are 49 percent more likely to have used drugs and 37 percent more likely to become teen parents than are those students who spend one to four hours per week in extracurricular activities(National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center). Youths who went to a juvenile detention facility were significantly less likely to be suspended from school compared to kids who did not participate in the program. Teens who were a part of the juvenile justice system were significantly less likely to fall back into committing crimes. Teens that had no experience were less likely to commit a first offense. A study of afterschool programs conducted by the California Juvenile Crime Prevention Demonstration Project in 12 high-risk California communities found that, the rate of crime and delinquency went down after they started the program. Vandalism and stealing dropped by two-thirds, violent acts and carrying a concealed weapon fell by more than half, and arrests and being picked up by the police were cut in half. In the three years after Baltimores Police Department opened a Police Activities League (PAL) afterschool program in one high-crime neighborhood, juvenile crime in the neighborhood dropped nearly 10 percent, and the risk of c hildren and teens becoming crime victims was cut nearly in half. While juvenile victimization rates were coming down for all Baltimore juveniles, the rate in the area served by the PAL program came down nearly three times as fast as it did for the city as a whole.x Paulo Barros is the person who run the program. All the decisions in implementing the proposed program is made by the director Paulo Barros, catholic charities board, the president of the CEO and vice president of the CEO. It costs the company 1.3 millions of dollars to run yearly. Success are measured based on how many students go the college. It is also measured by the amount of gang involved in the environment and arrests, and how many students gets a job. Also that is where many of Cape Verdean students learn English. This program has been run since 2001. It use to be a middle school K1-8. The program use to run cafeteria in the basement that had nothing to do with school. Throughout the year the program became bigger and bigger and once the school shut down because of the archdiocese sex scandal. Then the teen center took over the building. Saint Peter encourage students to stay in school. Students who attends to Saint Peter are more likely to get good grades and perfect attenda nce. Saint Peter prevent teens from doing drugs or commit crimes. They dont serve elementary students due to the lack of funding. Not only that but Saint Peter is not very diverse majority of Cape Verdeans that goes there. The key groups who support this program are the mayor menino and his family. He backed up our mission statements and wanted a safe community for Bowdoin and Geneva area. The mission that he supported was to provide education, enrichment, leadership development and recreational activities to the adolescents of the Mid- Dorchester corridor. Second Alternative: Mattapan Teen Center The program is run by the director Ronald Carroll. In 2008 Bain Company donated to complete a 100 million dollars comprehensive campaign, which calls for investment in innovation and impact to double the number of youth served at the point. It costs 20,686,041 for all operating expensive. Boys and Girls club is successful by teaching young people the skills they need to succeed in life. This can be measured easily by comparing the ratio of students who attends to an after school program to who doesnt and see whos more likely to be successful in life. 97% are expected to graduate high school. It has been run since 1893. First club was found in Charlestown in 1893. The Boston foundation helped put the girls in the Boys and Girls clubs by providing a $300,000, for three years grant to reach out to special categories of youth who lack opportunities for appealing programs. In 1981, the club formally changed its name to Boy and Girls clubs of Boston and national organization followed in 1 990. Boys and Girls Club help kids stay in school and improve their academic success. It is open daily, after school and on weekends when kids have time and wants to be productive. It helps kids graduate from high school not only that but it also save lives. Boys and Girls club are located in disadvantaged community areas. Macs- generous support for BGCAs mission and our local Clubs through funds raised during the annual Thanks for Sharing campaign helped to create great futures for Americas young people. Ross Stores- helped Clubs provide homework assistance to more than 12,000 youth at 90 Clubs through its support of Power Hour. ConocoPhillips- supported BGCAs dropout prevention program,Best Buy Childrens Foundation. The mission statement is to help young people, specially those who need us most, build strong character and realize their full potential as responsible citizens and leaders. The organization does this by providing a safe haven filled with hope and opportunity, ongoing relationship with caring adults and life-enhancing programs. Alternative 3: Holland School The program is run by Hillary casson. That legislation that this program supports is the Massachusetts Department of Early Education and Care because the Programs are licensed by the Massachusetts Department of Early Education and Care and Turnaround plan. The Chester commissioners team and Scoot given, the chief executive officer are in charge of the day to day management of the school. And will work directly to implement the holland plan. The Mission of this program is that all students acquire the knowledge, skills, and strength of character necessary to succeed on the path to college and to achieve their full potential. Therefore it is measure of how many students are moving on to the next grade and their growth from the time they start and end. 2013, Up receives a new schools venture fund U.S education reform organization of the year award. UpHolland is a elementary school and there is an after school programs that include homework support and tutoring. Upholland after school su pports all students with extra help including students with disabilities and English language learners. They only serve K1- 5th grader. The key groups who support this after school program is the College Bound Dorchester. The college Bound Dorchester provides students with a range of activities including homework assistance, writing, visual and performing arts, science exploration, physical education and field trips. During the last year, 98% of Out of School Time students were promoted to the next grade level on time. Out of School Time programs serve children ages 6 to 12 years between the hours of 1:00 pm to 6:00 pm during the academic year. [1] Youth Violence Prevention Through Positives Youth Development Mass. gov ,2013. Accessed January 30,2017 http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departments/dph/programs/community-health/dvip/violence/youth-violence-prevention-program.html [2] Crime Rates for Boston, MA Neighborhoodscout.com . Accessed February 6,2017 https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ma/boston/crime/ [3] Mayor Walsh and Police Commissioner Evans Announce Additional Steps to Curb Gun Violence Cityofboston.gov. September,09,2015 accessed February,6,2017 http://www.cityofboston.gov/news/default.aspx?id=20321 [1]race, age, genders [2]better few as of someone who doesnt know anything about boston [3]ages 13-18 [4]explain how after school has a huge impact in women . how it gives women the opportunity to work instead of be a house wifey and take care of the kids [5]duration 1 paragraph

Ancient Egyptian Greek and Roman Stele Essay -- essays papers

Ancient Egyptian Greek and Roman Stele Just as we use tombstones to mark graves and commemorate our dead, so too did ancient civilizations. One way to do so in the ancient world was through the use of steles. A stele is a stone slab, usually decorated in relief and inscribed, that honored the death of a person. Three of the ancient cultures that had implemented the use of the stele were the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. In comparing an example from each civilization, it is possible to see the evolution of the stele from one period to another and the different influences each civilization had on a single element. The Egyptians had many ways to honor their dead, including the stele. Wealthy Egyptians, especially officials and priest, often had stele placed near their tombs. These steles usually told of the name, position/rank, and the epithets of the deceased along with a funerary prayer. (Gee 224) One such example is the Funerary Stele from Dendereh from the First Intermediate Period (ca. 2150 BCE). (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology) This stele belongs to a man named Tjaunty, an official during the First Intermediate Period. The stele depicts Tjaunty on the far left of the rectangular slab. The other two-thirds of the stele are reserved for inscriptions of hieroglyphs. The depiction of Tjaunty is characteristic of the Egyptian style. The purpose of the Egyptian style was to represent the human form in the clearest and most complete way. The head is shown in profile but with the eye in a frontal position. The reason for this is that the head is more distinct from the profile position; the eyes, on the other hand, are more representative from the frontal view. The shoulders are presented frontally with the waist, hips, legs, and feet in profile. (Gee 18) In Tjaunty's funerary stele, Tjaunty is presented in this very distinct way. He is also shown with the symbols of his position as an official. This is known because Tjaunty's right hand is holding the same staff as in Hesy-ra's right hand in the Portrait Panel of Hesy-ra. (Janson and Janson 44) As for the inscriptions to the right of Tjaunty, this author is not able to definitively identify the meaning. It is assumed that it tells of Tjaunty's name, rank, and offers a funerary prayer. The Greeks were also another ancient civilization that i... ...d gives only a summed-up version of information about the owner. Granted, it is certain that a more glorified nature would be found in such as that of a pharaoh, but not so in those below the pharaoh. The Egyptian stele seems to represent an attitude of straight-forwardness (in keeping with the clarity and complete representation of the Egyptian style). As for the Greek stele, it is more intimate, a glance into a moment of that person's life (very naturalistic). The Roman stele is, without a doubt, glorifying. The Romans most certainly had an egotistical attitude about them. Why should it surprise anyone to see it within the art that was meant to memorialize them? Comparing these three civilizations has shown that a single element, used in different civilizations, may have the same intended use but the way each civilization goes about using this element can be quite different from one another. Bibliography: Gee, Robert. Egyptian Sculpture. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Janson, H.W. and A.F. Janson. History of Art: the Western Tradition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2001. Rothermel, Johnathan Albert. The Art of Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

The Variety of Feminisms and their Contributions to Gender Equality by

There are many branches of feministic theorems. As Judith Lorber wrote in her article, The Variety of Feminisms and their Contributions to Gender Equality feminist denominations arose from different views, making many contributions to improve women’s status. Lorber discusses the views of, â€Å"gender reform feminisms, gender resistant feminisms, and gender revolution feminisms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (1) etcetera, all which have fought to improve women’s rights. Though there are many different aspects of viewing feminism, writer and contributor of owl.purdue.edu, Allen Brizee suggests that the main ideology that holds those aspects together is the oppression of women in general. Though, it is when talking about male dominance, women’s resistance, and women’s social roles, that the views on feminism changes. In the book, The Awakening, Kate Chopin greatly reveals women’s resistance within a male dominated society through her main character Edna Pontellier. Si milarly, in her short, The Story of an Hour, Chopin emphasized the oppression that married women went through with their husbands during the late 1800s. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman compelled readers, showing how women’s roles seemed insignificant during the early 1900s. The feminist theory suggested by Brizee can be seen within each of these narratives, and their protagonists. Even to present day, the belief of societies being male-centered still stands. Yet, during the late 1800s and early 1900s, it was clearer that the patriarchal lifestyle was happening. Married women of the era were seen as ‘property’ to their husbands. Robert, Edna’s lover from The Awakening, described her as, â€Å"-not free; you were Mr. Pontellier’s wife. I couldn’t help loving you†¦ so long as I went away from y... ... by her difference from male norms and values.† Sadly many women became exactly what the male powered societies want them to be, because unconsciously, those societies have influenced them to also believe it is the right thing for them to do. Works Cited Brizee, Allen. "Welcome to the Purdue OWL." Purdue OWL: Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism. Ed. J. Case Tompkins. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. New York: Avon, 1972. Print. Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. Logan, IA: Perfection Learning, 2001. Print. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Feminist, 1973. Print. Hall, Donald. Literacy and Cultural Theory. Houghton, Mifflin Co. 2001. 199-213. Lorber, Judith. The Variety of Feminisms and their Contribution to Gender Equality. Roxbury Pub. 1998. 1-15.

The Nature of Love Explored in Plato’s Symposium Essay -- Plato Sympos

The Nature of Love Explored in Plato’s Symposium In classical Greek literature the subject of love is commonly a prominent theme. However, throughout these varied texts the subject of Love becomes a multi-faceted being. From this common occurrence in literature we can assume that this subject had a large impact on day-to-day life. One text that explores the many faces of love in everyday life is Plato’s Symposium. In this text we hear a number of views on the subject of love and what the true nature of love is. This essay will focus on a speech by Pausanius. Pausanius’s speech concentrates on the goddess Aphrodite. In particular he looks at her two forms, as a promoter of â€Å"Celestial Love† as well as â€Å"Common Love.† This idea of â€Å"Common Love† can be seen in a real life context in the tragedy â€Å"Hippolytus† by Euripides. This brings the philosophical views made by Pausanius into a real-life context. The speech by Pausanius in Plato’s Symposium divides the goddess Aphrodite into two beings, each responsible for a different aspect of love. To prove the existence of her double life he cites her creation. There are two versions of the birth of Aphrodite, one coming from Hesiod’s work, Theogony, where she is borne out of Uranus’ castrated genitals as they splash into the sea; the other is from Homer’s work, the Illiad, where she is said to be the daughter of Zeus and Dione. (Notes on Plato’s Symposium 180e) From these two vastly different creations she takes on two vastly different forms. Pausanius describes one of her forms as â€Å"Celestial† love. This type of love springs out of the Aphrodite created from Uranus’ genitals. This form is â€Å"wholly male† (Symposium 180c) which inspires men to be a... ... love described by Pausanias as â€Å"Common† love. Throughout the play love is used by Euripides as a key plot factor and in many ways sets the outcome of the play. This love was definitely based on a physical attraction between a male and a female, thus making it â€Å"Common† love. The fact that Euripides uses â€Å"Common† love lends credibility to Pausanias’ philosophical ideas. The appearance of this idea suggests that it had realistic roots. . The events that took place in the play, such as the relationship between Phaedra and Hippolytus, must have been realistic so a Greek audience would believe the story. Even though Hippolytus is a fictional play the events that take place must have their roots in realistic events. This allows us to believe that Pausanias’ philosophical ideal was in fact a real life issue that Athenians dealt with in day-to-day life.

Developing Effective Teamwork in Organizations Essay

There are many different opinions and definitions of organizational structure. Structure in a sense is the arrangement of the functions used to do the work. Thompson said the structure â€Å"is the inner structure of the differentiation and the relations.† He referred to the structure as the means by which the organization sets boundaries and limits for the effective performance of its members, by the definition of responsibilities, resource control and other issues. Katz and Kahn said that â€Å"the structure is a series of interconnected events that occur, fill and renew a cycle of activities.† Culture, in an organizational context, can generally regard as the sum of a group or as a nation to think, believe, feel and act can be defined. Culture is the way of life of a group of people. More formal culture includes acquired as a complex whole, knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits of the members of a society. A corporation may be represented by the members of a nation as well as of members of an organization. Organizational structure and culture of the Uni-Lever Brothers Organizational structure called Unilever is common hybrid. The company operates three regions of the division: two product segments and five functional segments. They developed a simple structure to communication processes and effective use of available resources for the growth of the organization to accelerate. Company executives set up consists of six layers of the junior managers (local officials) to the Manager of the fifth year (the managers Unilever). Apart from this, the company employs many non-executives and cooperatives working in factories. As a multinational company Unilever a common culture for their activities has developed. They believe that all the people who work for their business and their ability to grow. The corporate culture is to believe in the ideas and support. Be a diversified company, they need to create a common working environment by combining carefully the needs of different people, so that they are motivated and proud to work for the company. Unilever is to develop a high commercial principles and code of ethics for the company a good reputation in the industry. Organizational structure and culture of Shaheen PHARMACEUTICALS Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is a drug known and reputable with more than 350 employees from different regions. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals has the distinction of being the first organization in the Swat Valley, which has received ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management is one of the famous and recognized IIC organization in Dubai received, UAE-based Arab countries and the Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ) in 2007. Shaheen in recent years has initiated the implementation of the reform of the human resources in a structured way. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals successfully the process of human resources development at the beginning, with the changing needs of the organization of knowledge, skills and competencies aligned started. Shaheen pharmacy have a management style, the traditional functional departments are available to perform various activities of the organization. DIFFERENCE OF THE TWO ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES AND CULTURES The organizational structure of the Uni-Lever Brothers is a functional the functional structure, the structure is constructed so that each part of the Organization grouped according to their purpose. Functional Structure is well suited for small businesses, in each case where department can count on the talent and expertise of its employees and support. However a disadvantage of a functional Structure the coordination and communication between Services may be limited by the boundaries of the organization have different departments working separately as in the case of Uni-Lever Brothers. Shaheen has a pharmaceutical organization chart the format of a functional structure, but the difference in the two Top organizational structure uni-lever is that brothers have a hybrid Form. These organizations will help projectized Departments. Often report directly to the project Head or as a separate functional group to support specific Functions. The main advantage that a hierarchical organization. The communication overhead reduced, as each team has a Superiors and subordinates. TASK 1b IMPACT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE ON THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE Unilever has such a multi-domestic strategy of decentralization of strategic and operational decisions in every country that the product can be adapted to local preferences. Unilever global geographic structure has its food area that it can be adapted in different countries on trends and consumer demand regionalized. In addition, the company has developed a growth strategy as a â€Å"path of growth† that. During pruning it’s 400 brands of 1600 brands with fierce competition in the world of multinational and national companies to accelerate growth in the next five years. The company has taken to prevent significant restructuring and organizational changes with the organization’s goals. Alignment with senior management goals of the company are divided into two units, the unit of food and home and personal care products unit split. They distributed control subsidiaries with headquarters and selling companies are not profits. Organizational structure of Unilever is commonly a hybrid one. The company operates three regions of the division: two product segments and five functional segments. They developed a simple structure to communication processes and effective use of available resources for the growth of the organization to accelerate. The corporate culture is to believe in the ideas and support. Be a diversified company, they need to create a common working environment by combining carefully the needs of different people, so that they are motivated and proud to work for the company. Unilever is to develop a high commercial principles and code of ethics for the company a good reputation in the industry. Today’s business world has become globalized, the resources left Training strategic internal and external, in order to further the objectives of the organization. The main goal is the company HR strategy with the company to combine a competitive advantage. After major restructuring of business processes Unilever concentrates the use of its resources to its business strategy. They established a work program simply smart people work on three levels: †¢ Manage time effectively and simplify their work with a series of tools †¢ To work in a team within the company †¢ Easy to work in terms of process and organizational commitment of employees Its HR function was restructured into three components, which allows them to remove the complexity of the HR model.. The first is to their day to day transactional problems, manage shared services. Second component included the centralization of units within the company in areas such as education, administration, compensation and organizational development. Third component included development and delivery of HR solutions to solve business problems with the help of a group of human resource management specialists. Unilever is a global name in the world today, and has a large number of employees worldwide. For the company to be competitive in the world market must carefully synchronize their HR policies with the company’s strategy to achieve their goals. Building a corporate culture is part of a key strategy that includes employee passion to win in behavior, attitudes and motivation. What can be achieved in restructuring the organization, employee assessment, workshops and awards? Unilever has a model called competitive leadership for the growth profile, the various components of the process of creating a vision of growth for every person in the company, to motivate them for the purpose of work is developed combined organization. The implementation of this model is a challenge in a specific job, but the goal was also the commitment of the staff to get to work towards. Using factors LGP new company is trying to change the behavior of the manager, to the strategic objective of business growth and development, and recruitment process management (Sustainable Development, 2008) are linked. TASK 1c INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR Culture of an organization is very important to play an important role, whether or not the organization is a happy, healthy place for many executives do not deny work, the importance of corporate culture in employee satisfaction, a sudden certainly shaping realize some direct implications it. It is often assumed that cultures are fixed, but this assumption is wrong. It is important that leaders at all levels about their roles and responsibilities in the defense of the positive work environments that can increase employee satisfaction are. Dissatisfaction is the leading cause of revenues and costs, and may have adverse environmental effects on the body. Individual Behavior Individual behavior refers to how individuals behave in the workplace; their behavior is influenced by his attitude, personality, perception, learning and motivation. This also refers to the combination of reactions to internal and external stimuli. Factors affecting individual behavior can be; Demography: Demographic factors, socioeconomic background, education, nationality, race, age, gender, etc. are organizations that people who belong to a higher socio-economic well-educated, young people, etc. because they prefer to be more effective than others probably. Young and dynamic professionals who have a good academic background and effective communication skills are always in high demand. The study of demographic factors is important because managers help you choose the right candidate for a position. Ability and Skills: Physical ability of a person to do something can be described as the ability. Competence can be seen as the ability in a way that allows a person to perform well defined act. Individual behavior and the performance is strongly influenced by the ability and skills. A person may well in the organization if their skills are matched with the job requirements. Managers play an important role in the skills and abilities of employees with the requirements of the position correspond. Perception: It is a cognitive process to interpret environmental stimuli and to make responses accordingly. Each individual on his preferences can base and organize its responses. To interpret environmental stimuli there are several factors that affect the perception of one. The study of perception plays an important role for managers. It is important for managers to create a positive work environment so that employees can perform better. Employees are most likely to succeed if they perceive a positive way. Attitude: According to psychologists, the attitude as a tendency to respond positively or negatively to certain objects, persons or situations are defined. Factors such as family, community, culture, colleagues and organizational factors influence the formation of attitudes. Manager of a company, the variables associated with the task. Working environment in a favorable way, that people are trying to create study form a positive attitude toward their jobs Employees can better in the organization, if they are positive. Personality: Personality as the study of the properties and characteristics of an individual can be the interdependent relationship between them and how a person reacts and adapts to different people and situations. The various factors that influence an individual’s personality are heredity, family, society, culture and situation. It implies that individuals differ in their nature and meets the organizational environment. Personality can be considered the most complex aspect of human behavior that is significantly affected. We can conclude that the study of personality traits is a chance to understand people. It helps them to properly orient their efforts and motivation to achieve the organizational goal. It refers to the fact that various environmental factors to produce different responses. The study of these reactions is very important for the organization. Every organization needs a certain kind of conduct of their employees, and such behavior can be discovered through obs ervation, learning, exposure, education, etc. LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Task 1 Leadership Styles A style of leadership leading provider of consulting, implementation plans and motivate. There are many different types of leadership that can be presented by the leaders in politics, business or other. Authoritarian Leadership Style An autocratic leader has strict custody and tight control over followers by giving the strict regulation policies and procedures, to the disciples. To keep the focus on the distinction between authoritarian leaders and their followers, these kinds of guides are implemented so as to make sure to create a professional relationship separate. Direct supervision, is what they believe to be the key to maintaining an efficient and trailer boat. In fear, unproductive supporter’s authoritarian leaders keep a watchful eye and it is necessary that something be done. Examples of communicative behavior authoritarian stage a traffic cop, a teacher ordered a student to do his duty, and a cleaning supervisor instructed a subordinate workstation. All of these positions require a significant number of features that give the leadership to put things in order or a point of view. Authoritarian features: sets goals individually, engaged primarily in one direction, downward communication, control conversations with the faithful, and the interaction donation. Paternalistic Leadership Style As a paternalistic leader, by taking care of you as a father figure would work to their subordinates as parents. In this way the leadership of the Chief provides comprehensive care for his followers or workers. In return, he gets the full trust and loyalty of his people. Workers under the leadership style should be very committed to what the leader thinks and do not strive and work independently. The relationship between the leaders and colleagues are extremely strong. Workers should stay with a company for a longer period due to the loyalty and trust. Not only do they treat each other like family into the labor market, but also outside. These workers are in a position to the other with all the problems that they are going through something; because they believe what they say, really help. One of the drawbacks of a paternalistic leader is that the leader can begin to play in the decisions favorites. This guide includes workers are more likely to follow and for those who were less fai thful to exclude. Democratic Leadership Style Democratic leadership includes the leaders of the decision-making skills to share with the group to promote the interests of the members of the group and the practice of social equality. This style includes discussions to encourage debate and the exchange of ideas and people feel good about their participation. The boundaries of democratic participation in the rule of the organization or group needs and the instrumental value of these attributes (skills, attitudes, etc.) are limited. Democratic style includes the idea that everyone needs, due to their status as human beings play a role in the decisions of the group. But the Democratic leadership still needs guidance and control by a specific leader. The democratic style requires the leader to decide who should be called within the group and make the right decisions and to participate and vote. Research has shown that this type of leadership is one of the most efficient and creates greater productivity has improved contributions from the members of the group and group increased morale. In situations where the roles are not clear or time is short, the Democratic leadership to lead the communication failures and unfinished projects. Democratic leadership works best in situations where group members are qualified and willing to share their knowledge. It is also important to allow sufficient time to help people develop a plan and then vote on the best way to have effect. Laissez-faire Leadership Style Laissez-faire leadership style was first described by Lewin, Lippitt and White in 1938, and the autocratic leadership and democratic leadership style. The laissez-faire style is sometimes referred to as â€Å"hands off† management style, because the leader delegates tasks to their fans and has little or no significance for the disciples. If the leader moves to its followers, it can sometimes lead to a lack of productivity, satisfaction and cohesion. Laissez-faire leaders loyal to complete freedom can make decisions on the conclusion of their work. It allows supporters a high degree of autonomy and independence, while providing advice and support at the same time the demand. The weary head with the Freedom Tour, trailer with all necessary materials in order to achieve their goals, but do not participate directly in the decision, unless the disciples to ask for their help. Transactional Leadership Style Transactional leadership style was first described by Max Weber in 1947 and later in 1981 by Bernard Bass. In this style he mainly used management to focus on transactional leaders. They guide their followers and motivated them by a system of rewards and punishments. There are two factors that are the basis of this system, rewards and management by exception. Offers rewards contingent rewards, both material and psychological for the efforts and recognize good performance. Management by exception allows the driver to maintain the status quo. Occurs when the subordinates do not meet an acceptable level of performance and corrective intervene to improve performance. Management by exception relieves managers, as they are called in when employees are away from. Comparison of the Five Leadership Styles Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision making or better informed when the leader of the member of the group. The paternalistic leader promotes the organization because she workers to perform tasks, so you can allow them to stay on top of their work. A worker task that boosts confidence and makes them work harder to achieve a goal and to exceed proved that they work hard. With this style of management can also help a reward system. This system allows employees to better, because there is something for them at the end of the tunnel. While doing this, they will also be able to perform more work in a given period. The democratic style requires the leader to decide who should be called within the group and make the right decisions and to participate and vote. Democratic leadership will give you better ideas and creative solutions to problems because the group members are encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas. Although democratic leadership style is one of the most effective leadership, it has some potential drawbacks. The laissez-faire style effective for use: †¢ The fans are highly qualified, experienced and educated. †¢ The fans are proud of their work and will do it on their own. †¢ Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are used. †¢ The fans are experienced and trustworthy. This style should not be used if: †¢ The followers a sense of insecurity to the unavailability of a leader. †¢ The leader cannot or do not regularly reporting back to their disciples Effective leadership styles Uni-Lever Brothers In large multinational companies such as Uni-Lever Brothers Company endorsed the concept of leadership not only with traditional dimensions such as strokes and styles, but also at the level of the leadership skills developed through the process generated history of organizational learning. It forms what is believed to lead can affect considerable strategic importance, announced the general performance of the multinational Unilever in 2001 â€Å"Path to Growth† of the new strategy by the number of products in its portfolio in 1200 400 to instead Unilever brands create a space for global growth. A key strategy as â€Å"building a corporate culture† aims to encourage employees to gain market behavior due to their state of mind, passion and motivation. This culture has been developed through an organizational restructuring, assessment, workshops and awards. The most important is the strategic reorientation model combines Unilever new skill, leadership for the growth profile (LGP), and the following elements. First of all, everyone in the company should have a vision for growth. Growth is considered the key criteria for the conduct of employees of Unilever. Second, any increase in growth through the implementation and for other growth stimulating. Third, it is important to get the commitment of growth. And defining a new set of skills LGP / factors and the use of management development and recruitment Unilever tries to change the behavior of managers and increase behaviors that are related to the strategic objectives of growth. Unilever said Expatriate Manager Orientation power is lower than the other cultural attribute value to the company. Low score on this scale reflects the heritage management and previous painful realities of economic transition. Effective Leadership Styles in the Pharmaceutical Shaheen The basic goal of the pharmaceutical industry Shaheen is to produce high quality medicines at affordable prices with the latest technology and a highly technical. To achieve this goal, the Company has GLP, GMP and ISO 9001:2000 GWP requirements and continual improvement of their management and marketing tasks. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals by style bureaucratic activities of the HR department, that all core businesses which position a person has only one main HRD activities. Shaheen pharmacy has one of the best systems management career. The Company periodically reviews its employees and as far as the improvement of their career is to be feared, the company has an appropriate strategic planning, through which it raised the level of staff training. The company offers workshops, seminars, visits, key employees and other pharmaceutical training courses that focus on the injection of expertise and professionalism of the staff. TASK 2 ORGANISATIONAL THEORIES Organizational theory as â€Å"the study of organizations in favor of the identification of common themes in order to solve problems, the maximization of the efficiency and productivity and to meet the needs of the stakeholder organization theories are theories of classical, neo-classical and modern. It complements studies of organizational behavior studies and Human Resource Management. Organizational theory aims to understand the structure within organizations. The research aims to find out if it. Better way of structuring organizations, or if it varies depending on the situation. Another goal is to understand what causes. These theories are further categorized into three categories namely classical, neo classical and modern theories. Advantages and disadvantages of the classical theory of management practice Although classical perspective promotes efficiency, it is often to ignore the needs of people criticized. Moreover, it is rarely considered human error or the variability of the performance. One of the advantages of the traditional management structure is a clear organizational hierarchy with three levels of separate management. Each management group has its own goals and responsibilities. One of the advantages of the classical approach to management is the division of labor. The projects are divided into small tasks easy to accomplish. The division of labor leads to increased productivity and efficiency, because the workers should not multitask. According to the classical theory of management, employees must be motivated by financial rewards. Owner of a small business can take to motivate this approach by staff to achieve production. The approach of the autocratic leadership is the central part of the classical management theory. The autocratic leadership approach is generally to be made quickly by a chieftain of small decisions without a large group of people, such as advising a board. Small businesses, sole proprietorships, may have a particular advantage in this approach because they have a strong leader need to grow. Classical management theory was rigid and mechanistic and it is a clear inadequacy of the classical organization theory. Its main drawback is that it has tried to explain the motivation of the people who work strictly for economic success. Another weakness of the classical organizational theory rests on the assumption that all organizations are somewhat similar. Thompson and McHugh (2002: 6) Quote Salaman (1979: 33), which states: â€Å"A real organizational sociology is not by the efforts of some analysts helped organization hypotheses about organizations in general to develop an amalgam of these examples as diverse as voluntary organizations, charities and political organizations. Advantages and disadvantages of neoclassical theory in practice management The human relations movement developed in response to the strong and authoritarian structure of the classical theory. He raised many questions which theory from the classical. The most serious objection to the classical theory is that it created on the compliance and stiffness, wading creativity, personal growth and motivation. Neoclassical theory appears genuine concern for human needs. Neoclassical theory focuses on individual behavior or group, and the relationships determine productivity. The main features of the neoclassical approach are individual group work and participatory management style. Neoclassical theorists have recognized the importance of individual and collective behavior and emphasized human relationships. Based on the Hawthorne experiments, stressed the neoclassical approach, the relationship between the social or human operators, researchers and regulators (Roethlisberger and Dickson, 1943). It has been argued that these considerations were consistent determination productivity as simple changes in working conditions. Productivity gains achieved as a result of high morale, which was affected by the amount of each employee, personal attention and get intimate. Advantages and disadvantages of the modern theory of management practice Modern theories are based on the idea that the organization is a scalable system that must adapt to changes in their environment. Modern theories are systemic approach, the socio-technical approach and the concept of contingency or situation. The systems approach views the organization as a system consisting of a series of interconnected composed and interdependent subsystems. The socio-technical approach is to look up the organization as a social system, the technical system and its environment. They interact with each other and it is necessary, according to balance for the effective functioning of the institution. The contingency or situational approach recognizes that organizational systems are interrelated with their environment and different environments call for different organizational relationships for effective organization. Some major features of the modern approaches of the organization are: †¢ Theses approaches are a systemic and dynamic process of viewing and interaction. †¢ These approaches are multilevel, probabilistic, multi-motivated and multidimensional in nature.

How Does Owen Convey Negative Feelings in the Send-Off

How does Owen convey negative feelings in The Send-Off? In this poem Wilfred Owen conveys negative feelings with his clever use of language that can be interpreted in many ways. This poem actually conveys a message that war is not as glorious and honourable as it is always portrayed as. Even the title, The ‘send-off' could mean two things. Firstly, it could mean that the soldiers were being sent off to war. However, it could also mean that the soldiers were being â€Å"sent off† to their deaths. This emphasizes the fact that war actually is not what it is portrayed to be.It is not glorious and honourable to fight in war but the people and soldiers going through it suffer greatly and most do not survive. In â€Å"The Send-Off†, Owen conveys his feelings about the war and the young soldiers going off to die. You can tell he has a very pessimistic attitude to the likelihood of the soldiers surviving. You can see this from his frequent references to death, for example â€Å"Their breasts were stuck all stuck with wreath and spray. † which could refer to how the dead are garlanded with wreaths of flowers before their burial. Line six, says, â€Å"Dull porters watched them / and a casual tramp / stood staring hard. The train station porters stand back, watching and listening to the soldiers as they wait for the train with no emotion at all, it is as if it is just one of those regular things in life that one gets on with, without much interest as it is such a common event. In line 3, Owen uses the oxymoron, â€Å"grimly gay†, this gives the impression that the soldiers know what is going to happen to them and they are scared, but they put on a brave face anyway so as not to upset their families, each-other and also, if they don’t admit their fear to themselves, then maybe it will go away.Owen uses similes such as â€Å"so secretly like wrongs hushed up† show the conspiracy of the war kept from the soldiers for assurance that men would continue to join. Repetition of â€Å"a few, a few, too few† emphasises and shows the reader that many soldiers would not return from war. It continues by suggesting that the small amount of soldiers returning from war would not be greeted by celebration but by silence and still villages. The use of imagery â€Å"white flowers† shows two meanings, flowers for celebrating and white for mourning.In giving the flowers to the departing soldier, the women who thought they were supporting the soldiers were actually garlanding them for death. To conclude, the use of language; similes, repetition, imagery and so on all channel feelings of negativity within the poem. Although not directly pessimistic it is relatively easy to spot the depressing nature of the poem but nonetheless Owen displays obvious negativity towards the state of how no one showed feelings towards the soldiers fate and how it was so hushed up.

Nutrition and Fitness Essay

Healthy nutrition and fitness are critical to superior wellbeing and are vital for the strong growth of children and adults alike. A large number of deaths in the United States each year are related to unhealthy nutrition and an inactive standard of living. This paper will discuss my current fitness and nutritional habits and ways that I can improve them by implementing new activities into my daily lifestyle. a.Explain your current fitness and nutritional habits. Also, briefly explain some of the health risks associated with obesity. For starters, my current fitness and nutritional habits are in a roller-coaster effect. During the last four months my fitness habits have consisted of exercising for two or three weeks then not exercising for two or three weeks again. However, what I was doing for five weeks straight up until last week was a 90 day fitness program called P90x. P90x is an at-home workout that uses the term â€Å"muscle confusion† to increase results. Whether â€Å"muscle confusion† truly exists or not can be argued, but the fitness term â€Å"muscle tension† has been confirmed through numerous fitness experts. Here is an example of one week’s workout: Monday-60 minutes of push-up/pull-up alternating exercises, followed by a 15 minute abdominal workout; Tuesday-60 minutes of plyometrics cardio (fancy term for â€Å"jump training†); Wednesday-60 minutes of back and bicep workout alternating exercises, followed by a 15 minute abdominal workout; Thursday-90 minutes of Yoga; Friday-60 minutes of legs and back workout, followed by a 15 minute abdominal workout; Saturday-Kenpo X (another form of Tae-Bo); Sunday-rest. For the first time in a very long time, I believe that my fitness habits have been much better than previous times. However, my nutritional habits have been devastating to my workouts and achieving the results that I am looking for. My breakfast and lunch eating habits have not been unhealthy. My breakfast typically consists of two Kellog’s Nutrigrain Bars with a glass of 2% milk. I am not a big breakfast person and my appetite is always minimal when I wake up. If I do not have a Nutrigrain bars for breakfast I will have either a protein shake or a bowl of Raisin Bran. For lunch I either have some type of carbohydrate (spaghetti/pasta) or a cold sandwich, such as tuna  or turkey accompanied with a small side of potato chips. For dinner I eat whatever my wife or I cook (all nutritional rules are out the window for dinner). On top of all the previous mentioned, I consume approximately one gallon (128 fl. Oz.) of water a day beginning in the morning up until the time I go to be d. Some of the health risks associated with obesity are cholesterol and triglyceride levels, impaired heart function, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, impaired immune function, gallbladder and kidney diseases, skin problems, impotence, sleep and breathing disorders, back pain, arthritis, other bone and joint disorders, complications of pregnancy, menstrual irregularities, urine leakage, increased surgical risk, and psychological disorders and problems such as depression, low self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction (Insel & Roth, 2008). b.Identify and describe three new fitness habits that you could reasonably incorporate into your lifestyle. How could these new habits improve your health?Three new fitness habits that I could incorporate into my lifestyle are getting more sleep at night, attempting to run in the morning for 20-30 minutes prior to going to work, and on my rest day (Sunday) doing a stretching routine for approximately 30 minutes. Sleeping more at night will result in more energy throughout the day, running in the morning will give me a more alert approach to starting my day, and stretching will improve my overall ability for muscle growth by increasing flexibility in my body. c.Identify and describe three new nutritional habits that you could reasonably incorporate into your lifestyle. How could these new habits improve your health?Three new nutritional habits that I could incorporate into my lifestyle would be eating a healthier and more plentiful breakfast, as breakfast has been said to be the most important meal of the day, eating more fruits and vegetables, and to not eat after 6:00 PM. Eating a healthier and more fulfilling breakfast will increase energy and alertness throughout the day. Eating more fruits and vegetables is important because they are important sources of dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals which is crucial for a healthy diet (Insel & Roth, 2008), and not eating after 6:00 PM will  improve the way I feel prior to going to bed, as in not feeling overstuffed with food. d.Discuss how each new habit would promote healthy weight. Sleeping at least seven hours at night would increase the likelihood of higher weight loss (Bouchez, 2007). Running is a form of cardiovascular fitness and since metabolism in the body is strongest when a person first wakes up, with the exception of sleeping, this exercise in the morning will most likely increase my metabolism throughout the day compared to not running in the morning. In short, the higher the metabolism is in the body will result in the higher probability of weight loss (Woodward, 2009). Stretching on what would typically be my rest day would allow my body to be better at physical fitness activities such as weight training and cardiovascular fitness. In addition to less likelihood of pulling or straining a muscle, stretching would increase my ability to burn more calories, therefore, simplifying my ability to sustain a healthy weight. Additionally, Elisabetta Politi, RD, MPH, nutrition manager for the Duke Diet and Fitness Center at Duke University Medical School (2005) states, â€Å"When you don’t eat breakfast, you’re actually fasting for 15 to 20 hours, so you’re not producing the enzymes needed to metabolize fat to lose weight.† Eating more fruits and vegetables throughout the day would help balance my intake of foods according to the food pyramid. Last, not eating after 6:00 PM is crucial to weight loss (Levinson, 2008). People tend to eat more at night without realizing it. One major cause for this is evenings are when most people lounge around the house or watch a movie or their favorite television program, and eat mass amounts of calories without noticing. Making an extra effort to not eat after 6:00 PM would help reduce these types of unhealthy eating habits. e.Discuss how each new habit would benefit your health in general. Sleeping at least seven hours at night, running in the morning before work, stretching on my rest days, eating breakfast everyday, ensuring I eat fruits  and vegetables, and not eating after 6:00 PM will collectively have an overall benefit on my health. To endure a healthy life one must eat right according to the food pyramid suggestions, get plenty of sleep, exercise regularly, eat the proper foods at the proper times of the day, avoid unhealthy foods and detrimental health choices such as smoking, and develop constructive ways to deal with stress. By performing all the previously mentioned activities in this paper, I, along with other who follow these or other healthy habits, will improve overall health in general. Conclusion This paper discussed my current lifestyle and how I can incorporate new ways of improving my overall health. Although I will not make any promises that I will change my current fitness habits, as I do not wish to exercise twice a day everyday, I do acknowledge my lack of nutrition and the need for improvement. Therefore, I will do my best starting today, to improve my overall health by following my own suggestions for a healthier lifestyle. References Bouchez, Colette. (2005). The Dream Diet: Losing Weight While You Sleep. WebMD. Retrieved July 28, 2009, from http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/lose-weight-while-sleepingInsel, Paul M., & Roth, Walton T. (2008). Core Concepts of Health. Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/ereader.aspx?assetmetaid=0888a650-2b5a-4424-b9ae-57b032e4b83a&assetdataid=b2ae1aa0-300e-4fe0-8c52-3d1500fd0d59. Levinson, Mike. (2008, October 13). Eating After 6 pm: Why It’s Bad For You [blog]. Message posted to http://www.diet.com/dietblogs/read_blog.php?title=Eating+After+6+pm%3A+ Why+It%5C’s+Bad+For+You&blid=12884Politi, Elisabetta. (2005). Lose Weight: Eat Breakfast. WebMD. Retrieved July 28, 2009, from http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/lose-weight-eat-breakfastWoodward, Susan. (2009). Boosting Metabolism. MSN Health & Fitness. Retrieved July 28, 2009, from http://health.msn.com/fitness/articlepage.aspx?cp-documentid=100096731